Life Processes | Class X | Chapter One | Solved Questions and Answers| Part-4
Q.1. What are nitrogenous wastes in human?
Answer: The nitrogenous wastes in human are ammonia, urea, uric acid and amines,etc.
Q.2. Name a plant waste.
Answer: Oxygen
Q.3. Name any two excretory organs in humans.
Answer: The two excretory organs in humans are:
- Pair of kidney
- Pair of ureter.
Answer: The ureter is a muscular duct (tube) that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Q.6. What is Bowman's capsule?
Answer: Bowman's capsule is a cup-shaped structure in the nephron, containing a bundle of blood capillaries called glomerulus and acts as a filtration unit for the removal of waste from the blood.
Q.7. What is nephron?
Answer: A nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of kidney. It filters blood and generates urine.
Q.8. What is urethra?
Answer: A urethra is a muscular organ that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Q.9. Where is urine carried through the ureters?
Answer: Urine is carried from the kidney to the urinary bladder through the ureters.
Q.10. Name the excretory unit of a kidney.
Answer: Nephron.
Q.11. What is dialysis?
Answer: Dialysis is a process of separating small molecules from larger ones using a semi- permeable membrane.
Q.12. State the functions of the human kidney.
Answer: The main functions of the human kidney are as follows-
- Filtering waste materials from the blood.
- Regulates blood pressure.
- Maintains electrolytes and fluids in balance.
- Promotes bone health.
- Produced hormones that regulates red blood cells (RBCs) production.
- The excess water from plant body is removed by transpiration.
- Some waste products can be stored within dead permanent tissues such as heart wood or barks of trees.
- Some waste products may be stored in some plant parts like leaves, seeds and flowers that fall off.
- Some waste products are stored as resins and gums in special type of tissues, e.g. resin ducts in old xylem of pine trees store resin.
- Plants also excrete waste substances into soil around them.
Answer: Glucose that enters the nephron along with the filtrate is re-absorbed by the network of renal capillaries surrounding the tubule through which filtrate is passing.
Q.15. What is the principle of an artificial kidney?
Answer: The principle of an artificial kidney (also known as haemodialysis) is to remove waste materials and excess fluids from the blood in patient with kidney failure. It involves separation of smaller solutes or ions from large particles with the help of semi permeable tubes that are suspended in a tank with dialysing fluid. The dialysing fluid has the same osmotic pressure as blood but contains no nitrogenous wastes. The patient's blood when passes through the tubes, the waste products from the blood pass into dialysing fluid by diffusion. The purified blood is then pumped back into the patient. This process is similar to the excretion in kidney but it does not involve re-absorption.
Q.16. Briefly describe the mechanism of urine formation.
Answer: The process of urine formation has several stages:
- Filtering blood flows through the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule in the nephron, producing filtrate with waste products and extra fluid.
Reabsorption: Valuable substances like glucose, amino acids, and ions are taken back into the bloodstream through the renal tubules.
Secretion: Urea and creatinine, waste products, are secreted into the renal tubules.
Concentrating: Reabsorption and secretion of water and ions result in concentration of filtrate, which then forms urine.
Excretion: The urine is collected in the bladder and expelled from the body via the urethra.
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